Fiqhu Class Demo Introduction by Shaykh Al Faqeeh Abdul Ganiyy Afolabi Abu Adam.

Bismillaah Alhamdulillaah. As-salaamu alaikum warahmotullaah.

INTRODUCING THE KNOWLEDGE OF FIQHU 

The introduction entails the following features:

- Meaning of Fiqhu 

- Merit of Fiqhu Knowledge 

- Importance/Obligation of learning Fiqhu 

- The consequences and evil of failing to learn fiqhu knowledge.

The Meaning of Fiqhu

The word Fiqhu is an Arabic word written as: ُفِقْه

Linguistically: "Fiqhu mean Understanding, or knowledge."

In the sharee'ah it means: The knowledge of the rulings of sharee'ah and the Religion"

Furthermore, it can also be defined as a knowledge which let a Muslim differentiate between what is lawful and what is unlawful, also it differentiate between what is Permissible in an act of worship and what invalid it.

Merit of Fiqhu Knowledge

Firstly we should know that merits are many however I will mention few of it because of time. 

From it is that it's the means by which a Muslim reach high rank in the sight of Allaah and His creation...this is because when Allaah created Aadam, despite that He has created the angels and Iblees before him still he ordered them to prostrate to Aadam all because of the knowledge he aquired of which the angles and Iblees doesn't know.

 Allaah says:

وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ

"And He(Allaah) taught Adam all the names (of everything), then He showed them to the angels and said, "Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful."

-Sura Al-Baqarah, Ayah 31

Furthermore, it was automatically reported from the prophet that the greatest favor that Allaah do for His slave whom He love is to give him the knowledge of fiqhu..

Narrated Mu'awiya: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "whomever Allah wants to do a favour, He grants him an understanding of religion."

Muslim 1037

That is the interpretation of the following statement of Allaah:

يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ

"He (Allaah) grants Hikmah (wisdom and understanding) to whom He pleases, and he, to whom Hikmah is granted, is indeed granted abundant good. But none remember (will receive admonition) except men of understanding."

-Sura Al-Baqarah, Ayah 269

Imagine Allaah the most high said: the one who has understanding of the religon and sharee'ah has been given abundance good.. Allaahu Akbar.

Importance/Obligation of learning Fiqhu 

Fiqhu is the mother of all religious knowledge...

this is because it's possible to say a man has knowledge of the Qur'aan without being a Faqiih (Faqiih is someone who has the knowledge of fiqhu)...

It's also possible to say some has memorize thousands of hadith and will not be a Faqiih..

It's also possible to say someone has a PhD in Arabic language and will not be a Faqiih...and etc...

But it's not possible to say someone is a Faqiih without having knowledge in all aforementioned aspects and others..., this is because a Faqiih will take rulings from both the Qur'aan, the hadith and from the principles of Arabic language., that is how fiqhu is the mother of all knowledge.

Furthermore, learning fiqhu is an Obligatory duty upon every muslim., this is because the purpose of our creation is to worship Allaah alone has Allah said:

وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ

"And I (Allah) created not the jinns and humans except they should worship Me (Alone)."

-Sura Adh-Dhariyat, Ayah 56

Therefore, to perform this Obligation of our purpose of creation, we have to learn it... because there's is a principle of sharee'ah which says: 

الوسيلة لها حكم الغاية

"The means has the same Ruling as the aim"

Meaning our aim is to worship Allaah which is Obligatory, therefore anything that leads to it also becomes Obligatory.

The prophet said: 

 عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ ‏

‏ طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ ‏"

It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Seeking knowledge is a Obligatory upon every Muslim"

Sunan Ibn Majah 229

And this was the practice of the fiirst generations of muslims as apparent in the following hadith:

Anas reported that the people of Yemen came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said: Send with us a person who should teach us Sunnah and al-Islam, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) caught hold of the hand of Ubaida and said: He is a man of trust of this Umma."

Sahih Muslim 2419

Allaah also says:

"And it is not (proper) for the believers to go out to fight (Jihad) all together. Of every troop of them, a party only should go forth, that they (who are left behind) may get understanding in (Islamic) Religious(knowledge), and that they may warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware (of evil).

-Sura At-Tawbah, Ayah 122

The consequences and evil of failing to learn Fiqhu Knowledge 

A Muslim who doesn't have the knowledge of fiqhu is subjected to many evils some of which are:

▪️ It's a sign of hypocrisy:

This is because in numerous places in the Qur'aan, Allaah use to ascribe failure in Understanding of Religious rulings to the hypocrites...let me bring one verse out of many:

هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَىٰ مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّىٰ يَنْفَضُّوا ۗ وَلِلَّهِ خَزَائِنُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ

"They (hypocrites) are the ones who say: "Spend not on those who are with Allah's Messenger, until they desert him." And to Allah belong the treasures of the heavens and the earth, but the hypocrites did not COMPREHEND."

-Sura Al-Munafiqun, Ayah 7

▪️Also such person will mostly do mistakes most times he performs acts of worship like purification, Solaah, siyaam and etc..and it may even have rendered his worship void while he perceive not..or he may go extreme in some act of worship while thinking it's the best and vice versa...and sometimes he may even injured himself... let me give some examples:

Narrated Jabir :

We set out on a journey. One of our people was hurt by a stone, that INJURED his head. He then had a sexual dream. He asked his fellow travelers: Do you find a concession for me to perform tayammum? They said: We do not find any concession for you while you can use water. He took a bath and died. When we came to the Prophet (ﷺ), the incident was reported to him. He said: They killed him, may Allah kill them! COULD THEY NOT ASK WHEN THEY DID NOT KNOW? The cure for ignorance is inquiry. It was ENOUGH FOR HIM TO PERFORM TAYAMMUM.

Sunan Abi Dawud 336

Narrated Amr ibn al-'As:

I had a sexual dream on a COLD night in the battle of Dhat as-Salasil. I was afraid, if I washed I would die. I, therefore, performed tayammum and led my companions in solaatus-Subhi. They mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: Amr, you led your companions is prayer while you were sexually defiled? I informed him of the cause which impeded me from washing. And I said: I heard Allah say: "Do not kill yourself, verily Allah is merciful to you." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) *laughed and did not say anything (i.e endorsing what he has done).

Sahih (Al-Albani)

Sunan Abi Dawud 334

Narrated `Abdur Rahman bin Abza A man came to `Umar bin Al-Khattab and said, "I became Junub but no water was available." `Ammar bin Yasir said to `Umar, "Do you remember that you and I (became Junub while both of us) were together on a journey and you didn't pray but I rolled myself on the ground and prayed? I informed the Prophet (ﷺ) about it and he said, 'It would have been sufficient for you to do like this.' The Prophet then STROKED LIGHTLY THE EARTH with his hands and then BLEW OFF THE DUST and passed his hands OVER HIS FACE AND HANDS."

Sahih al-Bukhari 338

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) entered the mosque and a person followed him. The man prayed and went to the Prophet and greeted him. The Prophet (ﷺ) returned the greeting and said to him, "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed." The man went back prayed in the same way as before, returned and greeted the Prophet who said, "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed." This happened thrice. The man said, "By Him Who sent you with the Truth, I cannot offer the prayer in a better way than this. Please, teach me how to pray."... and the rest of the hadith was that the prophet taught him how to offer Solaah in it correct manner...

Sahih al-Bukhari 757

All these shows the importance of learning how to worship Allaah and not doing it in a way we think or see people doing it... rather we should seek knowledge on how to do it...

Wallahi, I mostly see many of our muslim brethren who doesn't know how to perform a valid ablution till now and the prophet said anyone who doesn't have a perfect ablution will not have Solaah..

In a hadith, the prophet said: "A man may offer Solaah for Sixty years and none of it will be accepted from him, it may be that he perfected his bowing and had deficiency in his prostration or he may perfected his prostration but have deficiency in his bowing"

Sahih Tarheeb wa Targheeb

Narrated Zaid bin Wahb:

"Hudhaifa saw a person who was not performing the bowing and prostration perfectly. He said to him, for how long you have been praying in this manner? He replied: forty years, Hudhifah said I swear by Allaah "You have not been praying for forty years and if you should die you would die on a religion other than that of Muhammad."

Sahih al-Bukhari 791 

Allaahu Akbar, I think these are enough for a sound minded muslim to know how important is to learn about his Religion.

Short Introduction Written by: Shaykh Al Faqeeh Abdul Ganiyy Afolabi (Abu Adam). 

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